![]() In 1444, it was ruled by Fatih Sultan Mehmed (which is Turkish for Sultan Mehmed, the Conqueror). While the Holy Roman Empire was highly fragmented, other empires were much more unified.įor instance, the Ottoman Empire had a much more centralized governing system. Zooming in on the South: The Rise of the Ottoman Empire This is because the country’s border with Spain–one of the world’s oldest–has barely shifted at all since the 13th century. On the map above, Portugal looks nearly identical to its present day form. Staying PowerĮurope’s borders have shifted constantly over the long history of the continent, but one area has remained remarkably consistent. Over time power ebbs and flows, and today Lithuania is a much more compact nation. This snapshot depicts Lithuania at the height of its power, when their territory stretched all the way from the Baltic Sea down to the Black Sea, near Crimea. One very prominent and perhaps surprising section of the map is the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which today would include large portions of Poland, Belarus, and Ukraine. However, it’s important to note that in the years following 1444, monarchs gradually began to regain their power.Įventually, governing became more consolidated, and this gradual transition to absolute monarchy marked the early stages of what we now recognize as nation states. If they failed to follow their chivalry, their title and land was taken from them.Ī majority of the medieval population was made up of peasants, who did all the work on the land so lords and knights could plan and prepare for war.īetween the 1200-1400s, battles between nobles and monarchs were almost constant, and the map shows a time when estates were largely governed by the nobility. Protectors of the land, knights followed a strict code of conduct, known as chivalry. ![]() The nobility was supposed to act as middle management- they were in charge of managing the land and the peasants who worked on it. However, many lords held so much power over their manors that the monarch acted more as a figurehead. Theoretically, it was meant to have a distinct hierarchy:Īt the top of the feudal food chain, monarchs were meant to hold absolute power over their land. This was possible because the empire was run by the feudal system.įor the non-history buffs reading this, the feudal system was a socio-political system largely characterized by its lack of public authority. These independent territories were governed by nobility rather than an absolute monarch. The empire was subdivided into individually governed entities at the time. But why was the Holy Roman Empire so fragmented? This vast array of independent territories technically made up the Holy Roman Empire (the empire’s borders are highlighted in green on the map). One of the most immediately obvious details of this map of medieval Europe is how fragmented Western Europe was at the time. In fact, this battle is so historically significant, it was chosen as the start date for a popular video game called Europa Universalis IV. It’s considered a pivotal moment for Ottoman expansion into Southern Europe. That’s when the Ottoman army defeated the Hungarians and allowed the Ottoman Empire to expand its reign. ![]() Some Context: Why 1444?īefore we dive into the analysis, first thing’s first-what’s so special about the year 1444? This map, shared by Reddit user /ratkatavobratka, provides a historical snapshot of Europe in 1444-a time when European society was made up mostly of independent territories that were governed by landowners rather than a centralized authority.īelow, we’ll take a closer look at some key regions on the map, and what was happening in these areas at the time. What did Europe look like in the Middle Ages? That’s a tough question to answer since Europe’s borders and territories were (and still are) constantly in flux. Explore this Fascinating Map of Medieval Europe ![]()
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![]() ![]() Therefore, there is a 95 chance that the true proportion of. Descriptive Statistics N Event Sample p 95 CI for p 33 4 0.121212 (0.034033, 0.282016) The confidence interval (CI) for the proportion (p) is between 0.034 and 0.282, which equates to 3.4 and 28.2. The greater the margin of error is, the wider the interval is, and the less certain you can be about the value of the point estimate. Plugging in the results above to the Minitab window, we get the following results. ![]() For example, the mean estimated length of a camshaft is 600 mm and the confidence interval ranges from 599 to 601. When a confidence interval is symmetric, the margin of error is half of the width of the confidence interval. This means that the true approval rating is +/- 5%, and is somewhere between 50% and 60%.įor a two-sided confidence interval, the margin of error is the distance from the estimated statistic to each confidence interval value. For example, a political poll might report that a candidate's approval rating is 55% with a margin of error of 5%. You probably already understand margin of error as it is related to survey results. from a normal distribution you can do test of hypotheses or you can do a confidence interval for the (population) mean. Write a one-sentence interpretation of that confidence interval (in the usual formatsee lecture notes Section (9.2).We are 95 confident that the difference between the mean age for males and the mean ages for females is between -3.26 years and 8. The margin of error quantifies this error and indicates the precision of your estimate. The full Minitab output in Part C includes a confidence interval. When you use statistics to estimate a value, it's important to remember that no matter how well your study is designed, your estimate is subject to random sampling error. Point Estimate This single value estimates a population parameter by using your sample data. The confidence interval is determined by calculating a point estimate and then determining its margin of error. Therefore, they can be 95% confident that the mean length of all pencils is between 50 and 54 millimeters. The manufacturer takes a random sample of pencils and determines that the mean length of the sample is 52 millimeters and the 95% confidence interval is (50,54). Includes examples of one-sample t-interval, one propor. For example, a manufacturer wants to know if the mean length of the pencils they produce is different than the target length. This video provides a short demonstration about finding confidence intervals in Minitab from raw data. Use the confidence interval to assess the estimate of the population parameter. A 95% confidence interval indicates that 19 out of 20 samples (95%) from the same population will produce confidence intervals that contain the population parameter. The red confidence interval that is completely below the horizontal line does not. We can: Estimate the mean Y at the mean of the predictor values. we can determine four ways in which we can get a narrow confidence interval for Y. The vertical blue confidence intervals that overlap the horizontal line contain the value of the population mean. If we take a look at the formula for the confidence interval for Y: y t / 2, n 2 M S E 1 n + ( x x ) 2 ( x i x ) 2. Here, the horizontal black line represents the fixed value of the unknown population mean, µ. But if you repeated your sample many times, a certain percentage of the resulting confidence intervals would contain the unknown population parameter. Because of their random nature, it is unlikely that two samples from a particular population will yield identical confidence intervals. The most important point of this lesson is showing how to make confidence intervals when the population standard deviation is unknown.A confidence interval is a range of values, derived from sample statistics, that is likely to contain the value of an unknown population parameter. This sub-module will build on what you learn in z-intervals. T intervals (Confidence Intervals when the Population Standard Deviation is Unknown) ![]() ![]() Splashtop is a great choice for those without much tech experience. New users will benefit from a seven-day trial with the software package of their choice, but payments are only available on an annual basis. Overall, Splashtop is a powerful remote desktop connection manager backed by highly targeted plans and great security. (Image credit: Splashtop) Splashtop: Final verdict Splashtop provides a selection of support streams. Different devices also use slightly different interfaces, as to be expected. It’s important to note that your exact user interface will depend on the subscription you’re using. Overall, the user interface is simple and intuitive, but don’t expect any fancy features.You can screen share and access different devices remotely, and both the desktop and smartphone apps are attractive and work well. ![]() We tested Splashtop by connecting to a Windows computer from an Android smartphone. This done, the devices could be connected at the click of a button. A streamer package then needed to be downloaded onto the devices we wanted to access. We trialed the Remote Support plan, which involved installing the Splashtop app on the device we wanted to connect from. Once you’ve created your account, you will be guided through a straightforward setup process, which will vary according to the plan you use. Splashtop's setup process is nice and simple. It basically enables unattended remote access to a specified number of Mac and Windows computers by an unlimited number of licensed technicians. Meanwhile, Splashtop Remote Support starts at $299 per year for 25 computers. Prices range from $60 to $99 per user per year. For starters, Splashtop Business Access enables computer access from anywhere. ![]() Splashtop offers a selection of plans aimed at users with different needs.
![]() If you want to send more than $10,000, you’ll have to make a local wire transfer. Direct debit will get your money to Wise in anywhere from 1-3 working days and can be used to send up to $10,000. You’ll verify your details using your online banking username and password and, in some cases, micro-deposits sent to your account. This method comes with no extra fees and it’s pretty convenient. You can also pay by direct debit, which allows you to connect your online banking directly to Wise, formerly TransferWise. There is an additional fee for credit cards, however, and this method can only be used for amounts up to $1,000. ![]() The money will get to Wise almost instantly so they can start converting it for you right away. The fastest option is paying by debit or credit card. There are a few ways you can do this, each with their own benefits and disadvantages. The last step is for you to send the money to Wise. You can select a previous recipient or add a new recipient: Then they will confirm the transfer amount and show you the exact exchange rate then add your details: You can start here by using the calculator below. It’s really simple! What you have to do is go to their website, set up a transfer and create an account. ![]() Here are the countries that you can transfer to: Bangladesh Which countries can you transfer money from and to? (updated July 2017) United Kingdom If you’re not sure what I mean by “hidden currency conversion” check out our explanation in this article. More about hidden currency exchange fees. 1% for some currencies, such as the Philippine Peso.Wise does not have any hidden fees and they declare all their fees upfront: That’s quite a difference! Here’s how the money transfer market worksĮvery bank and almost every money transfer company such as Western Union make their money from a hidden currency exchange fee. By using Wise you are only charged a maximum of 1% for the transfer and no hidden fee for the currency exchange which means the total cost is $10. If you send $1000 abroad PayPal charges you $45. Yep, that’s a total of 4.5% that you are charged with the transfer fee and the currency transfer fees, which most times you’ll find out about after you make the transfers. MassPay, their cheapest method charges a 2% fee and then adds an additional 2.5% currency transfer fee. Transferring via PayPal costs a minimum of 4.5% when transferring money across borders. It is cheaper to use that other providers because the transfers are actually made through local bank accounts, which means that money doesn’t actually cross borders.īecause of this, more people are exploring how to transfer money using Wise, and we’ll show you how to do that in this guide. ![]() By doing so, they save $2 million every day because Wise’s technology allows them to transfer money overseas using the real exchange rate and a small, upfront fee. More than one million people around the world use Wise and they send $1.5 million every month. See how Time Doctor’s easy-to-use time tracking software can help your team be more productive. Since then, they have revolutionised the way in which people transfer money across borders and have been backed by investors who believed in their idea, such as Paypal co-founder Peter Thiel and Virgin’s founder Richard Branson. ![]() Wise, formerly Transferwise is a new type of financial company launched in 2011 by two Estonian friends who realised that they were paying too much for international money transfers. ![]() ![]() Please note, the terms and conditions relating to service, product sales, promotions, and other related activities can be found at, and those terms and conditions control any purchases of products or services from the Company. These Terms and Conditions apply only to the use of the Web Site. Not all of the products or services described in this Web Site are available in all jurisdictions or to all potential customers, and nothing herein is intended as an offer or solicitation in any jurisdiction or to any potential customer where such offer or sale is not qualified. Although the information is believed to correct at the time of publishing, you should make your own determination as to its suitability for your use. The information contained on this Web Site is provided for informational purposes only. If you disagree with the Terms of Use (as amended from time to time) or are dissatisfied with the Web Site, your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue using the Web Site. Your continued use of the Web Site means that you accept and agree to the revised Terms of Use. The Company may revise and update these Terms of Use at any time without notice by posting the amended terms to the Web Site. ![]() If you do not wish to agree to these Terms of Use, do not access or use any part of the Web Site. By accessing or using the Web Site, you agree that you have read, understand and agree to be bound by these Terms of Use, as amended from time to time, as well as the Company Privacy Policy, which is hereby incorporated into these Terms of Use. Please read these Terms of Use carefully before accessing or using any part of the Web Site. All users of the Web Site are subject to the following website terms and conditions of use (these “Terms of Use”). If you are accessing the Web Site from outside the United States, Canada, or Puerto Rico, please see the appropriate international website, available at for applicable terms and conditions. These terms and conditions of use are applicable to the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico websites (“collectively the Web Site”) operated by VWR (the “Company”). HALO® Chromatography Columns and Consumables+. Sartorius laboratory instruments, consumables and services PerkinElmer - Innovating for a Healthier World Lab Thermometers & Temperature Measurement EquipmentĪgilent Chemistries and Supplies Portfolio Quality Products from Sheldon Manufacturing Life Science Research Solutions, Products, and Resources ![]() VWR will support you from the latest life science products to the guaranteed purity of organic building blocks. It is scriptable and supports plugins.A strong, vibrant research and development group is the lifeblood of all industries. It therefore runs on most platforms, including Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, Solaris, HP-UX, FreeBSD, and IRIX. Wavesurfer is written in Tcl/Tk using the Snack audio library. Wavesurfer provides basic audio editing operations, such as excision, copying, pasting, zero-crossing adjustment, and effects such as fading, normalization, echo, inversion, reversal, replacement with silence, and DC-removal, but, in view of its scientific orientation, does not offer effects of interest to musicians such as flange. WaveSurfer is free software, distributed under a permissive free software licence. It can read and write a number of transcription file formats used in industrial speech research including TIMIT. It is a simple but fairly powerful program for interactive display of sound pressure waveforms, spectral sections, spectrograms, pitch tracks and transcriptions. ![]() WaveSurfer is an audio editor widely used for studies of acoustic phonetics. ![]() ![]() ![]() Using the command vim /etc/nf and proxy parameters such as socks5 127.0.0.1 1080, edit the file nf located in the /etc. SecureCRT, VanDyke Software, Active, 0June 1998. On Linux, you may use proxychains to run Steam by following the steps: Install Proxychain on Linux. This feature may not work with older SecureCRT versions. An SSH client is a software program which uses the secure shell protocol to connect to a. This has been tested with Windows 7 and 10, SecureCRT version 8.3.4, Chrome, Firefox 56.0b9, Internet Explorer 10 and should work with other browsers. In Lighthouse the default Console Gateway Port Delimiter must be changed otherwise the SSH link will not be forwarded correctly to SecureCRT.Ĭhange Settings -> Services -> Console Gateway Port Delimiter from the default : (colon) to ^ (caret) or + (plus) character. Click OK to save the settings.Ĭlick on the Console Server Connect: via SSH link to start SecureCRT and prompt you for a password. ![]() Also, if you want to run streaming software or online games from behind SOCKS you need to ensure that the connection to the proxy is fast enough. The required condition is that UDP relay must be enabled on the proxy server. ![]() Check the Use registry setting for web browser check box and click on SSH2: Make SecureCRT the Default SSH2 Application. Prox圜ap can redirect UDP through a SOCKS5 proxy or a chain of SOCKS5 proxies. To perform the link association, start SecureCRT and select menu Options -> Global -> Terminal -> Web Browser. An SSH client is a software program which uses the secure shell protocol to connect to a remote computer. In Lighthouse the SSH links can be found in Manage Devices -> Quick Search page. For more details on this topic, see Secure shell. In Console Server the SSH links can be found in Managed -> Devices -> Serial page. The SSH links on the Console Server and Lighthouse can be linked to a terminal application such as Putty. ![]() |
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